Disadvantages: The human interpreter understands much easier remote sensing data from the visible part of the spectrum and can observe and analyse only one image at a time. - Explain the interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) with the atmosphere and the earth's surface. Also, reviews on the problems of image fusion techniques. Before use, remote sensing instruments need to be calibrated to achieve accurate measurements. Abstract. The spatial resolution specifies the pixel size of satellite images covering the earth surface. In much of remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. Introduction Remote Sensing :- Remote Sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomena, through the analysis of data acquired by a device, that is not in contact with the object, area or phenomena under investigation. Remote Sensing is the acquiring of data about an object without touching it. 6. Values of NDVI can range from -1.0 to +1.0, but values less than zero typically do not have any ecological meaning, so the range of the index is truncated to 0.0 to +1.0. History of Remote Sensing The knowledge about the history of Remote Sensing is necessary for better understanding of the subject and its scope, and also for future development, particularly for the welfare of human society. The term is applied especially to acquiring information about the Earth and other planets. Each type of remote sensing instrument is designed to measure something specific, and it's often not even what you are interested in measuring. If you can answer this question, it will help you understand the concept of active and passive sensors in remote sensing. Remote sensing is characterised by; Sensor Stage (satellite, plane, kite, ground based) View (angle of view) Type of radiation sensed (visible light, infrared, radar) Time of capture; It can also be used or re-used for many different purposes. Identify the various techniques of remote sensing and describe how these techniques are used for collecting spatial data. This means there’s room for human error if the instruments aren’t calibrated correctly. Remote sensing gives you the option to collect data in a range of scales and resolutions. But if you decide to collect high-resolution data, it can be difficult to store. Data from large projects can require hundreds of gigabytes of storage. Higher values signify a larger difference between the red and near infrared radiation recorded by the sensor - a condition associated with highly photosynthetically-active vegetation. [10 marks] Question Two (a) Discuss advantages and limitations of remote sensing. Answer: Can penetrate the atmosphere under most conditions, including cloud, allowing all-weather remote sensing. Remote sensing of the Earth (hereinafter ERS) brings up incredible opportunities for modern researchers. Passive sensors can only be used to detect energy when the naturally occurring energy is available. Remote sensing uses a part or several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. If the sun disappeared, which type of sensor would miss it most? (c) Explain the advantages of raster. Sharp, in Thermal Imaging Techniques to Survey and Monitor Animals in the Wild, 2016 Thermal imaging. Watch it on YouTube. All remote sensing instruments have limitations! Multispectral remote sensing is a passive remote sensing type. OR (08 marks) 10. Scanning the earth with satellites to obtain such information is commonly referred to as remote sensing. Kirk J. Havens, Edward J. Different 2. Scope of Work Objective. Module-5 (04 marks) (04 marks) 9. Therefore, the manual approach of image, interpretation is recommended: i. It should be concise and explain why the content of the paper is significant, placing the findings in the context of existing work and why it fits the scope of the journal. Spatial Resolution. In practice, remote sensing is the utilization at a distance (as from aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, or ship) of … In section 5, descriptions of the vertical remote sensing instruments are given along with PBL height retrieval method and their advantages/disadvantages are enumerated. This calibration is never exact; a classification error of 10% is excellent. •The disadvantages are low coverage area and high cost per unit area of ground coverage. Define and describe basic concepts and terminology related to remote sensing; Explain advantages and limitations of using remote sensing data for disaster risk reduction; Identify, access, search, collect, organize and analyze satellite imagery relevant to disaster risk reduction; Apply basic methods and tools for image processing Discuss how remote sensing is used in analysing earthquake-induced landslides and soil liquefaction State how thermal remote sensing data can be implied in earthquake related studies Recall the various web portals for acquiring free satellite data sets Outline the limitations of remote sensing techniques first planned uses of remote sensing in its most basic form was during the Civil Warwhen messenger pigeons, kites, and unmanned balloons were flown over enemy territory with cameras attached to them. Thermal Remote Sensing Atmospheric Transmission The planner can regard each of these as a potential source of information to enhance natural resource evaluation and natural hazard assessment. Characteristics of Remote Sensing. There is no limitation on the extent of information that can be gathered from a single remotely sensed image. Remotely sensed data can easily be processed and analyzed fast using a computer and the data utilized for various purposes. 3. Active sensors emit energy in order to scan objects and areas whereupon a sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is reflected or backscattered from the target. The costs of running a remote sensing system can be expensive especially for small and developing countries with (c) Explain the advantages of raster. [10 marks] (f) Discuss any five basic characteristics of an image that are vital for interpretation process. 5 solid lines and s in black dashed lines (s ranges from 0 to 1 with contours every 0.1).” Transforming Numbers into Color – Two remote sensing examples are used to illustrate the use of the RGB and HSV color systems. Humans with the aid of their eyes, noses, and ears are constantly seeing, smelling, and hearing things from a distance as they move through an environment. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing, play an important role in generating automated spatial datasets and in establishing spatial relationships. 5 solid lines and s in black dashed lines (s ranges from 0 to 1 with contours every 0.1).” Transforming Numbers into Color – Two remote sensing examples are used to illustrate the use of the RGB and HSV color systems. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-remote-sensing-in-geography.html Therefore, remote sensing can support disaster management in various applications. Disclaimer – The information presented here is intended for practitioners interested in utilizing remote sensed imagery within analytical processes for field planning, development of recommendations and farm management where spatial and temporal quality are important. Define and describe remote sensing and explain its applications and history. This involves the detection and measurement of radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted from distant objects or materials, by … (08 marks) (b) Explain the applications of remote sensing in water resources. Despite the great demand for remote sensing in Kenya, its use has been hampered by problems ranging from financial constraints, gaps in technology, lack of enough trained personnel, socio-political and economic constraints. Remote Sensing instruments: Examples???? The objectives of this project are to (1) quantify California’s local and regional daily ambient particulate matter (PM 2.5) composition (e.g. remote sensing and image interpretation 6th edition by online. involved, some of the applications, advantages over other types of remote sensing and challenges, if any. 12) Certain assumptions need to be made for remote sensing… However, existing remote sensing technology still has some limitations, such as estimating pollutants over the vertical dimension of the water column. Limitations of image analysis because of spatial resolution can be overcome by integrating imagery of different resolutions. [14 marks] While very powerful, properly incorporating remote sensing analysis is not easy. C. Distinguish between active and passive remote sensing. This report reviews the use of remote sensing for mineral exploration. Remote Sensing guides have been designed by the CBC that explain how to acquire remotely sensed imagery, how to view imagery, strengths and limitations of remote sensing, and a host of other interesting topics. Assignment - Remote Sensing - Describe key elements of remote sensing and its applications. Explain how the device(s) will be used in the patient’s care and what will be expected of the patient in using the technology, and disclose any limitations, risks, or medical uncertainties associated with the device(s) and data transmission. Use of Remote Sensing & Monitoring Devices. Analyze and explain remote sensing purposes, advantages, and limitations. Remote sensing is the common name for all methods used to collect data at a distance from the object under study by some kind of recording device. Methods included sequential segmentation and classifcation of LandSat TM using maximum likliehood and region-based segmentation of fine resolution, black and white orthophotos. 1. Advantages of remote sensing :- 1. Large area coverage: Remote sensing allows coverage of very large areas which enables regional surveys on a vari... The process of analyzing data collected is complicated and cost-intensive, and measurement uncertainty is often large. e.g., satellites; Active: Instruments that transmit radiation and detects what is scattered back to the receiver Advantages and Limitations in using Active Remote Sensing Technology for Disaster Damage Assessment. There are two types of remote sensing technology, active and passive remote sensing.. 1. Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and interpreting images and related data, acquired from aircraft and satellites, that record the interaction between matter and electromagnetic energy (Sabins, 1997, p. 1). b)Explain FOUR advantages and FOUR disadvantages of using remote sensing (4mks) c)Summarize some SIX main impediments of a GIS (3mks) d)Most remote sensing systems avoid detecting and recording waves in the ultraviolet and blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.Explain why this would be the case(2mks) • EMR is a dynamic form of energy. While pre- and post-disaster data from passive remote sensing … • Most remote sensing applications make use of the 3 to 5 and 8 to 14 micrometer range (due to absorption bands). Special cameras collect remotely sensed images, which help researchers "sense" … Long-term serial water change analysis and floods monitoring are currently research hotspots of remote sensing hydrology. Hence the remote sensing data has to be classified first, followed by processing by various data enhancement techniques so as to help the user to understand the features that are present in the image. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geography, land surveying and most Earth science disciplines; it also has … Remote sensing is the science and art of identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it. You ... limitations, alternative procedures and current trends can be appreciated. •An advantage of airborne remote sensing, compared to satellite remote sensing, is the capability of offering very high spatial resolution images (20 cm or less). Summarize the limitations of satellite data for understanding UHI; Recognize new methods that incorporate conventional satellite remote sensing data and in situ observations of temperature and humidity from community science and urban field campaigns; List what landscape features help to explain variations in urban heat islands The remote sensing techniques involve amassing knowledge pertinent to the sensed scene (target) by utilizing electromagnetic radiation, force fields, or acoustic energy by employing cameras, microwave radiometers and scanners, lasers, radio frequency receivers, radar systems, sonar, thermal devices, seismographs, magnetometers, gravimeters, scintillometers and other sensing … We'll focus a lot on satellite and radar images in this lesson because they're so common, and I hope that by the end of the lesson, you really understand what you're looking at when you see such imagery online or on TV. (a) Explain the applications of remote sensing in natural resource management. Very few equations and formulas will be given in the text, as the focus will be on understanding the basic ideas. Describe sensors and image acquisition methods. Explain the difference between in-situ measurement and remote sensing. - Explain the role and importance of satellites in remote sensing. In airborne remote sensing, downward or sideward looking sensors are mounted on an aircraft to obtain images of the earth's surface. Remote sensing — the science of acquiring information about the Earth using remote instruments, such as satellites — is inherently useful for disaster management. (b) Explain run length encoding method. This means that the sensor is measuring light energy from an existing source - in this case the sun. But, anyone looking at remote sensing data needs to know the limitations so that they can draw the correct conclusions! The disadvantages are low coverage area and high cost per unit area of ground coverage. Discuss how remote sensing is used in analysing earthquake-induced landslides and soil liquefaction State how thermal remote sensing data can be implied in earthquake related studies Recall the various web portals for acquiring free satellite data sets Outline the limitations of remote sensing techniques Use simple equations. Remote Sensing can be defined as the science and art of acquiring information about an object made from a distance without physical contact with the object. Would it be passive or active sensors? EMR transmit cross space in the wave form and in the speed of light. Perhaps the only time is convenient to use the RGB system is when you have a sensor with three bands that approximately coincide with the red, green, and blue 5. Define and describe basics of electromagnetic spectrum and interactions with various types of media. It is not a panacea that will provide all the information needed for conducting physical, biological, or a science. Without it we would not be able to search for Inca ruins in the jungle of the Peruvian Andes. For all reflected energy, this can only take place during the time when the sun is illuminating the Earth. Remote sensing — the science of acquiring information about the Earth using remote instruments, such as satellites — is inherently useful for disaster management. Limitations of Remote Sensing Data Remote sensing is ultimately managed by human operators that make crucial decisions regarding which sensors should be used to collect data and when, resolution specifications for the collected data and sensor calibration, and the selection of the platform that will carry the sensor, all of which expose this method to a certain degree of human error. 25th Anniversary Journals. • Explain the risks that woody debris pose to transportation infrastructure • Summarize the issues affecting the Great Brook • Discuss the need for temporal resolution in remote sensing monitoring of streams and rivers • Assess the capabilities and limitations of various remote sensing platforms for stream monitoring and mapping Remote sensing systems which measure energy that is naturally available are called passive sensors. •It is not cost-effective to map a large area using an airborne remote sensing system. Characteristics of Remote Sensing. model environment in section 4. Disadvantages of Remote Sensing. Such classification is a complex task which involves rigorous validation of the training samples depending on the classification algorithm used. Simulation is difficult: A GIS system captures complex data arrays that require special analysis to … Remote sensing is a technique that holds great potential for long-term monitoring of changes in area and carbon stocks. Unfortunately, nothing is without limitations, and remote sensing does have some disadvantages. While the advantages outweigh the downsides, it’s a good idea to consider the following cons of remote sensing before investing in this survey technique. B. The use of remote sensing to monitor surface water bodies has gradually matured. ADVERTISEMENTS: Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)! 1. • EMR is characterized by wavelength and frequency. The adage certainly applies with drones and remote sensing: garbage in -> garbage out. The text also attempts to give the reader an understanding of the capabilities and limitations of remote sensing.
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