substations: a)Indoor compact substation : equipment with three compartments (MV switchgear, transformer and LV distribution board) on a moving (with wheels) metallic chassis. The design of grounding system for GIS indoor substation is different from conventional AIS. Indoor Substation: For voltage up to 11 kV the equipment of the substation is installed in the indoor for. 6. In which of the following substation … Indoor Substation. Outdoor substations have the same equipment as indoor substation but the equipment is located outside where it is exposed to natural elements, rather than in a building. 43. 33 KV C. 66 KV D. … Each piece of equipment is given more than one (1) type. Altitude: Less than 1,000 feet. Order: 1 Piece Liquid-Filled Substation Transformers Application Description Eaton’s liquid-filled substation transformers are custom-designed power transformers suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. Download PDF. II.1.4. The cost of maintenance, repair and replacement at remote substations is both costly and inconvenient and can surpass any savings that were had on less expensive electronic equipment. b) Sufficient land is to be available at a reasonable cost and without much difficulty for the construction of substation and the accommodation of the operating staff. Switching equipment for Because of e xcellent properties of SF6 gas such as high dielectric strength, high electronegativity, for EHV substations more than 230kV now a days Indoor Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) are employed in place of AIS substations. The correct air circulation or number of … However the cost of GIS indoor substation is higher compared to AIS substation but it has some benefits which includes high reliability, less space requirement and less maintenance. A typical electrical substation has transformers and various protection hardware (circuit breakers, fuses, and sometimes power factor correction hardware). 42. Urban and suburban indoor substations may be finished on the outside so as to blend in with other buildings in the area. In general, most of the sub-stations are of outdoor type and the indoor sub-stations are erected only where outdoor construction is impracticable or prohibited by the local laws. 10: Maintenance: Indoor substation requires high maintenance. Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2.4 and 33 kV depending on the size of the area served and the practices of the local utility. Electrical substations form important nodal points in all power networks. A short summary of this paper. Customers requiring shorter overall delivery times and minimal on-site work have been the main drivers for RWW development of containerised outdoor substations. The product is installed in a place without fire, explosion hazard, serious pollution, chemical corrosive gas and severe vibration, and the vertical inclination is not more than 3°. For indoor and outdoor distribution, 4.8 kV through 34.5 kV ... Cypoxy Station Post Insulators deliver real value in substation fuse, switch, and bus applications. Distribution substation A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area. Service Conditions: Temperature: 40 degrees C, maximum ambient. The original estimated budget was $5.8 million with the final cost being $6.7 million. Enter the quantity for an estimate. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of outdoor switchyard are discussed below. However the cost of GIS indoor substation is higher compared to AIS substation but it has some benefits which include high reliability, less space requirement and less maintenance. In outdoor and hybrid substations, the occupied area is tremendously reduced by using GIS technology! II.1.3. One substation, in particular, faces a threat of demolition by neglect. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system. 44. Atmospheric: [Indoor] [Outdoor, Exposure to rain and dust]. Power factor correction substations are generally located at the .....end of a transmission line A. 11 KV B. 43. that the cost of high voltage installations employing metal-enclosed SF 6 technology is lower than for conventional outdoor switchgear for rated voltages of 420 kV and above. However, from Fig. Most distribution substations are outdoors, with the individual components - transformer, switchgear, fuseboard - separated but reasonably compact, and the whole substation surrounded by a perimeter fence. Due to the large power demand brought about by a growing population and a robust industrial sector, there is a need for the power supply company to embrace efficient methods. b.) ground in the substations and mostly are being used in power sector. Type of substation: this consideration could either be an indoor or outdoor substation. Joint Pair Substation At this substation, only the transformer is placed outside, while other equipment is inside the building. Why? In which of the following substation … Earthquake level acceleration ≤0.4m/s2, vertical acceleration ≤0.2m/s2. 3.Free maintenance due to the reliable performance. In this post, I will discuss the advantage and disadvantages of outdoor electrical substation compared with the indoor substation. c) Underground compact substation : concrete The most common voltage levels are: 765kV, 500kV, 345kV, 230kV, 161kV, … Difficult fault location because of equipment not being in full view. 3.1 Air circulation. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of outdoor switchyard is discussed below. Advantages of Outdoor Substation (AIS): by the substation, how the system is being operated, what redundancy is required, etc. The Washington Park Substation at 6141 S. Prairie Avenue is an outstanding example of the many substations constructed across Chicago. GIS Substations. More B. Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2.4 and 33 kV depending on the size of the area served and the practices of the local utility. Utility grade equipment that is tested to IEEE 1613 and IEC 61850-3 uses higher quality components and more expensive design that is required to meet the standards. Comparison between the indoor substation and outdoor substation. More insulation level. The bloc type substation is fully assembled and tested in the factory. 09: Fault Condition: Very easy to clear the fault. They offer up to 25% greater dry-arcing distance than comparable porcelain insulators, resulting in fewer costly outages from animal intrusion. Why can the indoor type substation handle less voltage compared to the outdoor type substations? Disconnectors (Isolators) are devices that are generally operated off … In these cases constructing one permanent outdoor or indoor substation for fulfillment of power supply is not economical. Indoor and outdoor substations - Overview Types of substations Elements of substations Classifying criterion of substations Medium voltage switchgear assemblies & CBs Outdoor circuit breakers Outdoor disconnect switches Indoor & outdoor instrument transformers Protection, PLCs & SCADA Lightning arresters Cables, cable/bus … Cost Breakdown: Civil. Figure 2 – Layout of double busbar GIS. This works where by the conductors and contacts 02. Most of the power transmission and distribution substations are of GIS type due to the restriction of space and very high cost of land in urban areas. The following advantage can be found by an outdoor substation. Unit substations are designed to convert distribution voltages to utilization voltages and can be used outdoor or indoor for commercial and industrial application. A. In a substation the following equipment is not installed A. Exciters B. The construction of an indoor air insulated substation would be highly impractical and difficult to operate safely. Indoor substations With the growth of cities, new substations are increasingly being built in urban areas, which means size, silence and aesthetic appearance are becoming key considerations for these installations. The differences between air insulated substation engineering and gas insulated substation engineering are vast. The higher initial cost of the core material is offset over the life of the transformer by its lower losses at light load. Economic consideration. Advantages of Air Insulated or Outdoor Substation Cost: The cost of the indoor substation is low. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. Whereas for outdoor substations, the installation cost is too high. Your Comments. All material cost is populated. Nevertheless, the protection schemes were complicated, expensive, and became more so with the addition of more elements on the bus, bus sectionalizing breakers and substation (bus tie) breakers. that the cost of high voltage installations employing metal-enclosed SF 6 technology is lower than for conventional outdoor switchgear for rated voltages of 420 kV and above. Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning. A. Exciters . 3) Is it necessary to design a ground grid by taking the grid current as 20 kA for LV substations even though it is an indoor substation? Compact Substations, Indoor Substation, Outdoor Substation, Control Panels, HT Panels, Cable Glands, Manufacturer, Supplier, Exporter, Nashik, Maharashtra, India However the cost of GIS indoor substation is higher compared to AIS substation but it has some benefits which includes high reliability, less space requirement and less maintenance. line are not insulated hence clearance between them is more. - It's total a cost saving solution for fast project demand. Distribution substation A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the distribution system of an area. In a distribution type substation, the neutral voltage between any phase will not be higher than 230 volts while the voltage of any two phases will be 400 volts. Primary B. Still, it is not economical to install the equipment indoor. Outdoor vs. Indoor Substations Abstract: The development of the outdoor substation vs. the indoor type is an interesting commentary on the adaptability of engineering progress to new fields and the subject is briefly recapitulated in this paper, in line with the developments and application of this branch of transmission work. This is a comprehensive tool to determine the cost of building a substation or any small portion of it. Evidently, the cost of deploying reclosers in an outdoor environment vs indoor with CBs on a capital expenditure basis saves substantial investment. Extra High Voltage (EHV) Air insulated outdoor switch yard substation design and drawings is our main product for more than last fifteen (15) years. A. low B. high C. same as D. none of the above. Advantages and Disadvantages of outdoor substation over indoor substation Outdoor substation has following advantages over indoor substation. Indoor Air-Insulated Substations. IEEE Guide for Substation Fire Protection IEEE Power and Energy Society. 01. Substations may also be owned by manufacturing, industrial, or large commercial customers; instead of being owned by the power utility, if the distribution substation is a direct supply from the transmission entity to the customer.Substations can also operate at many different voltage levels. Regarding construction work for indoor substation it is a bit complicated. The design of grounding system for GIS indoor substations and AIS is Advantages : i) Easy operation: Outdoor substation is easy to operate as compared to an indoor substation. 2.2 GIS Substation Description A Gas Insulated Switchgear substation (GIS substation) uses Sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6 Gas) whose dielectric strength is higher than air, to provide the phase to ground insulation for the switchgear of an electrical substation. Such type of substation is mainly used for the voltage up to 11000 v, but when the surrounding air is contaminated by impurities such as metal corroding gases and fumes, conductive dust, etc., their voltage can be raised up to 33000 V to 66000 v. Download Full PDF Package. Simultaneously, Bangladesh Automation Technologies’ Sisters Concern Substation Training Course in Dhaka has been conducting substation training with excellent reputation and success. Indoor Substation type is only employed in places where high pollution or the saline environment exists. Indoor substations are two types Substation with conventional switchgear equipment enclosed in a big building. The cost of the outdoor substation is high. The project did take longer than initially planned primarily due to changes in Transpower’s requirements and an incident at a substation (unrelated to this project) that put the mobile sub project on hold. 1 Per Unit(reference value) 0.34 Per Unit. Equipment are installed within the building of substation to avoid the exposure of transmission line with hazardous chemicals. View Answer. Substations can be of various capacities, voltages, configurations and types depending on what is the application for which the substation is being designed. Cost Breakdown: Electromechanical. These substations are divided into different compartments for controlling and metering of devices. Secondary C. Both A and B ... For cost and safety the outdoor substations are installed for voltages above A. Taking into consideration that the cost of a GIS indoor substation is much higher compared to an AIS substation, it’s handy to have a quick reference guide to the pros and cons of both indoor and outdoor substations, writes John Greyling, switchgear specialist and Director of Hevilex, South Africa. Under such situations, the underground substation is created. In my (limited) experience, most substations use the air as the main insulating medium between power lines. ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the indoor substations and outdoor substations. Enclosed substations can vary from just a few components to an entire building full of electrical equipment. Air Insulated Substation (AIS) or Outdoor Substations have all switchgear equipment, busbars and other switchyard equipment installed outside open to atmosphere. In earlier days for any voltage ratings, AIS or outdoor substation is employed. Indoor Substation type is only employed in places where high pollution or the saline environment exists. 5 An Overview of Gas-Insulated Substations . Fault location in indoor type substation is____ A. easy B. difficult C. depend on type of fault D. none of the above. 2. Reference: “Power system” by V.K. (Modern substations are often a "unit" design which is even more compact.) The wind speed is not more than 35m/s; 5. Outdoor Living Wall Greens Up the New Central Substation and Enhances the Landscape in Lansing, Michigan’s Historic REO Town Grand Rapids, MI. Indoor & outdoor substations, an overview 1. They either wanted to maintain the existing S/S or to build new S/S ABB’s response ABB offered two 138/13,8 kV turnkey GIS Substations, with 12 HV GIS Bays and 88 MV GIS bays ABB optimized the space requirements for the n This metal fence grounding requirement may be accomplished by bonding the fence to the substation grounding grid or to a separate underground conductor below or near the fence line using the methods described in the NESC. Unit substations are designed to convert distribution voltages to utilization voltages and can be used outdoor or indoor for commercial and industrial application. M Alim Ur Rahman. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of outdoor switchyard is discussed below. SUBSTATION Mr. D. Suresh Babu Assistant Professor, SVEC, Tirupati SUBSTATION What is a substation… Underground substation. enclose substations with energized electrical conductors or equipment. Also a mobile substation is required where there is lack of space for constructing out door substation during any big construction work when consumption of huge power by construction machines is required. b) Outdoor compact substation: concrete prefabricated substation with outdoor operation in order to reduce dimensions. ... GIS is more expensive than AIS. 1.2 Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) are different from Air Insulated Substations as all the substation equipment such as bus bars, circuit breakers, current transformer, Indoor substation disadvantages are: a.) The design of the IP class of The outdoor enclosure of compact substation can be standard IP 23 up to IP43 , which is accordance with IEC 60529 Standards. Substations Customer’s need Rio Light had two old AIS Substations operating in very expensive locations (m² prices!). The underground substation is very expensive than overhead. 26. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. In general, both circumstances lead to a considerable cost saving with complete substation projects when SF This is significantly higher for the GIS than for the AIS solution. Package unit substation normally designed in compact size applied in indoor and outdoor secondary distribution system. - Rockwill's pre-fabricated substation i.e Compact substation is comprising of main: >>> Outdoor enclosure. This substation is larger than most as it was meant to distribute higher voltages to other substations. Mehta A substation in which the apparatus is equipped inside the substation building is called indoor substation. Such substations are usually for a voltage up to 11,000 V but can be erected for 33,000 V and 66,000 volts when the surrounding atmosphere is contaminated with […] Tracking the pros & cons of air and gas substations. Installation Costs - GIS is less expensive to install than … 2. 27 Full PDFs related to this paper. Less because no building construction is required A. low B. high C. same as D. none of the above.
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