[52] The Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis, written in the third or fourth century CE, contains notes on how to prepare artificial emerald and beryl. Several liquid-fuel rockets have used rocket nozzles made of pure beryllium. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. Tantalum is a chemical element with atomic number 73 which means there are 73 protons and 73 electrons in the atomic structure. These layers of beryllium are good "pushers" for the implosion of the plutonium-239, and they are good neutron reflectors, just as in beryllium-moderated nuclear reactors. [16], The 2s electrons of beryllium may contribute to chemical bonding. [56][57] The name "beryllium" was first used by Wöhler in 1828.[58]. [13] The production of 10Be is inversely proportional to solar activity, because increased solar wind during periods of high solar activity decreases the flux of galactic cosmic rays that reach the Earth. [63], Electrolysis of a mixture of beryllium fluoride and sodium fluoride was used to isolate beryllium during the 19th century. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Naturally occurring potassium is composed of three isotopes, of which 40K is radioactive. Praseodymium is a chemical element with atomic number 59 which means there are 59 protons and 59 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Chromium is Cr. The chemical symbol for Tungsten is W. Tungsten is a rare metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in chemical compounds. The chemical method using potassium yielded only small grains of beryllium from which no ingot of metal could be cast or hammered. Silicon is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre, it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. British astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle first showed that the energy levels of 8Be and 12C allow carbon production by the so-called triple-alpha process in helium-fueled stars where more nucleosynthesis time is available. The original source is probably the Sanskrit word वैडूर्य (vaidurya), which is of South Indian origin and could be related to the name of the modern city of Belur. It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Major advantage of lead shield is in its compactness due to its higher density. Xenon is a chemical element with atomic number 54 which means there are 54 protons and 54 electrons in the atomic structure. Holmium is a part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare-earth element. The original industrial involvement included subsidiaries and scientists related to the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation in Cleveland OH and Siemens & Halske AG in Berlin. Mercury is a heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. In critical electronic applications, beryllium is both a structural support and heat sink. [53] Mineralogist René Just Haüy discovered that both crystals are geometrically identical, and he asked chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin for a chemical analysis. Gold is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. Rhenium is a chemical element with atomic number 75 which means there are 75 protons and 75 electrons in the atomic structure. One unified atomic mass unit is approximately the mass of one nucleon (either a single proton or neutron) and is numerically equivalent to 1 g/mol. Mendelevium is a metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities. Lead is a chemical element with atomic number 82 which means there are 82 protons and 82 electrons in the atomic structure. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive: almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. The chemical symbol for Arsenic is As. The chemical symbol for Cadmium is Cd. [87] They are also found in maintenance and construction materials near magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines because of the high magnetic fields generated. [69][better source needed] Until c. 1900, beryllium was also known as glucinum or glucinium (with the accompanying chemical symbol "Gl",[70][better source needed] or "G"[71]), the name coming from the Ancient Greek word for sweet: γλυκύς, due to the sweet taste of beryllium salts. Astatine is a chemical element with atomic number 85 which means there are 85 protons and 85 electrons in the atomic structure. It thus has very high ionization potentials and strong polarization while bonded to other atoms, which is why all of its compounds are covalent. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Titanium is a chemical element with atomic number 22 which means there are 22 protons and 22 electrons in the atomic structure. This is particularly applicable to cryogenic operation where thermal expansion mismatch can cause the coating to buckle. Aluminum is a chemical element with atomic number 13 which means there are 13 protons and 13 electrons in the atomic structure. [90] Neutron sources in which beryllium is bombarded with gamma rays from a gamma decay radioisotope, are also used to produce laboratory neutrons.[91].
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