The edges are planted with flowers in rock gardens, which seem to have been created by nature. In the center of his garden he had constructed an artificial mountain a hundred meters high, with cliffs and ravines, which he named Genyue, or "The Mountain of Stability." [31], The classical garden was surrounded by a wall, usually painted white, which served as a pure backdrop for the flowers and trees. Rocks were solid but water could wear away rock. This picture of the Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai (created in 1559) shows all the elements of a classical Chinese garden – water, architecture, vegetation, and rocks. The garden of Kublai Khan had a later effect on European culture; In 1797, it inspired the romantic poem, Kubla Khan, by the English romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Chambers believed that gardens should be full of surprises. In the 4th century BC, a tale in the Classic of Mountains and Seas described a peak called Mount Penglai located on one of three islands at the eastern end of the Bohai Sea, between China and Korea, which was the home of the Eight Immortals. Chambers was a fierce critic of Capability Brown, the leading designer of the English landscape garden, which Chambers considered boring. In northwest China near the Tien Shan mountains, the 20,000-square-mile Turpan Depression contains the lowest point in the country, Turpan Pendi, which lies at approximately 500 feet below sea level. The fruit of the pomegranate tree was offered to young couples so they would have male children and numerous descendants. Galleries (lang) are narrow covered corridors which connect the buildings, protect the visitors from the rain and sun, and also help divide the garden into different sections. In the garden described by Ji Cheng above, the structures occupied two-thirds of the hectare, while the garden itself occupied the other third. In this garden, a series of twenty scenes, like the paintings of a scroll or album, unrolled before the viewer, each illustrated by a verse of poetry. Another Song dynasty garden still in existence is the Master of the Nets Garden in Suzhou. The fifth set of RMB 5 yuan note in the 2020 edition. [55] The names of the Surging Waves Garden and the Garden of Meditation in Suzhou are taken from lines of Chinese poetry. The 16th-century Chinese writer and philosopher Ji Cheng instructed garden builders to "hide the vulgar and the common as far as the eye can see, and include the excellent and the splendid. his horse's croup; and then if he sees any animal that takes his fancy, he of a lost world, of a utopian universe. The Moon Comes with the Breeze Pavilion at the Couple's Retreat Garden, used for moon-viewing, has the inscription of a verse by Han Yu: And the Peony Hall in the Couple's Retreat Garden is dedicated to a verse by Li Bai: Wang Wei (701–761) was a poet, painter and Buddhist monk, who worked first as a court official before retiring to Lantian, where he built one of the first wenren yuan, or scholar's gardens, called the Valley of the Jante. 19 Sep. Random Posts. The Taklimakan desert, or Takla Makan, is west of the Gobi, sandwiched between the Kunlun Shan and Tien Shan mountain ranges. It was a calm place for painting, poetry, calligraphy, and music, and for studying classic texts. Ji Cheng wrote. The oldest Suzhou garden that can be seen today is the Blue Wave Pavilion, built in 1044 by the Song dynasty poet Su Shunqing. An excellent example was the Lion Grove Garden in Suzhou. The new gardens, were inspired by classical legends and poems. It also makes good use of the principle of the "borrowed view," (jiejing) carefully framing views of the surrounding mountains and a famous view of a distant pagoda. [36], Bridges are another common feature of the Chinese garden. Pavilions might be located where the dawn can best be watched, where the moonlight shines on the water, where autumn foliage is best seen, where the rain can best be heard on the banana leaves, or where the wind whistles through the bamboo stalks. In 505 BC, an even more elaborate garden, the Terrace of Gusu, was begun. [30] But they did not have to be large. Here they twist, there they curve, as if they were really created by the hills and rocks. [18], In the city of Wuxi, on the edge of Lake Tai and at the foot of two mountains, there were thirty four gardens recorded by the Song dynasty historian Zhou Mi (1232–1308). "[50], Actually borrowing scenery is the conclusive, last chapter of Yuanye that explains borrowing scenery as a holistic understanding of the essence of landscape design in its entirety. During this period, many former government officials left the court and built gardens where they could escape the outside world and concentrate on nature and literature. (1008–1048). Lettres édifiantes et curieuses écrites des Missions étrangères par quelques missionaires de la Compagne de Jésus," Paris, Fr. Taoism had a strong influence on the classical garden. [60], – Ji Cheng, Yuanye, or The Craft of Gardens (1633)[61]. In a scholar garden the central building was usually a library or study, connected by galleries with other pavilions which served as observation points of the garden features. meadows, with all kinds of wild animals (excluding such as are of Crescent-shaped sand dunes up to 700-feet high migrate across the desert floor, and rivers flowing out of the surrounding mountains dry up in this barren wasteland. "[27], Some early Western visitors to the imperial Chinese gardens felt they were chaotic, crowded with buildings in different styles, without any seeming order. It could be used to find solitude and for contemplation. From inhospitable deserts and the world's highest mountain range to broad, fertile plains, China features some of the most varied topography of any nation on the planet. See & Do 8 Amazing Experiences You Can Only Have in China. Even though everything [in the garden] is the work of man, it must appear to have been created by heaven... On the first view of the coast of China the stranger concludes that the inhabitants are a nation of gardeners. The other city in the province famous for its gardens was Suzhou, where many scholars, government officials and merchants built residences with gardens. mew, and sometimes he rides through the park with a leopard behind him on Some gardens have a picturesque stone pavilion in the form of a boat, located in the pond. Emperor Xuanzong built a magnificent imperial garden, the Garden of the Majestic Clear Lake, near Xi′an, and lived there with his famous concubine, Consort Yang. His first garden, called The Basin of the Clarity of Gold, was an artificial lake surrounded by terraces and pavilions. The view is admirable...[24]. They illustrated a Chinese proverb, "By detours, access to secrets". It also is the complement to the mountain, the other central element of the garden, and represents dreams and the infinity of spaces. See Michel Baridon. slips his leopard at it, and the game when taken is made over to, feed the hawks in mew. More than 110 summits over 24,000 feet make the Himalayas the most elevated mountain range on Earth. This legendary orchard was pictured in many Chinese paintings, and inspired many garden scenes. The main buildings are usually placed beside it, and pavilions surround the lake to see it from different points of view. According to Ji Cheng's 16th century book Yuanye, "The Craft of Gardens," "borrowing scenery" (jiejing) was the most important thing of a garden. For example, Louis Le Comte, who visited China on a scientific expedition for King Louis XIV in 1685. See & Do 10 Beautiful National Parks In China. New World Press, 2007. A notable example was the Jante Valley Garden of the poet-painter and civil servant Wang Wei (701–761). The garden was finished in 1122. He described in great detail what he saw in the imperial gardens near Beijing: "One comes out of a valley, not by a straight wide alley as in Europe, but by zigzags, by roundabout paths, each one ornamented with small pavilions and grottos, and when you exit one valley you find yourself in another, different from the first in the form of the landscape or the style of the buildings. [14] The aesthetic properties of plants were highlighted, while numerous books on plant classification and cultivation were published. For the entire, Maker Faire, the greatest, most engaging show-and-tell on the planet, is coming to Shanghai this weekend! Connecting the capital city of Beijing in the north with the tourist city of Guangzhou in the south, the line helped cut the travel time from nearly 30 hours to about eight. They have small windows, sometimes round or in odd geometric shapes, to give glimpses of the garden or scenery to those passing through. Peaches were associated with the classic story The Orchard of Xi Wangmu, the Queen Mother of the West. China has vast territory and magnificent landscapes, and nature has created a series of natural wonders. Classical gardens traditionally have these structures: In addition to these larger halls and pavilions, the garden is filled with smaller pavilions, (also called ting),or “room”, which are designed for providing shelter from the sun or rain, for contemplating a scene, reciting a poem, taking advantage of a breeze, or simply resting. It is a true terrestrial paradise. For scholars, the pine was the emblem of longevity and tenacity, as well as constance in friendship. For instance, travelers may stop at Zhengzhou Station to explore the city of Anyang, the birthplace of the Book of Changes and the land of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Then he placed cups of wine in the stream, and let them float. Although temperatures in the Gobi soar during summer, winter temperatures drop well below freezing, and snow can fall as early as September. Their construction and improvement consumed a large part of the imperial treasury. In 1685, the English diplomat and writer Sir William Temple wrote an essay Upon the garden of Epicurus (published in 1692), which contrasted European theories of symmetrical gardens with asymmetrical compositions from China.
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