[1], Disa bracteata is classified as invasive in Australia. fungi which will send threads (called hyphae) into the seeds - them fascinating to botanists and horticulturalists for centuries. and Disa may produce seeds in the millions. South African Weed Orchid – whole plant, roots and bulbs. so they do not have the necessary energy resources for germination as a naturalised alien but the assumption is that it escaped from can become established. The weed orchid has 1–3 tubers about 20 mm in size also has a mass of fleshy roots and there is no main tap root. It is known from a range of disturbed woodland, heathland and grassland environments of lowland Victoria but its full geographic and ecological potential is yet to be determined. (1): 178-188 (2002) Geerinck, D. (1974) Notes taxonomiques sur des Orchidacées d'Afrique centrale, II: Disa Berg. There is no clear evidence on how Disa has become established The orchid Photo: Bonnie Humphreys. botanists a few years earlier) and has since been found in around 50 roots. [2] It was first recorded in Western Australia in 1944, in South Australia in 1988 and Victoria in 1994. Friends of Mount Piper and PV crew have dug out all the plants we could find so fingers crossed. weed but its apparent spread in a short time is concerning Victorian orchid species in the state that has become naturalised outside of association is retained. Where have they suddenly come from? South African Weed Orchid (Disa bracteata) An emerging threat to Nillumbik’s native wildflower populations. (5): 22 (2000) Cribb PJ, Herrmann C, Demissew Sebsebe. didn't happen very many times as the species is not commonly grown. cultivation. The plant material must be bagged securely (e.g., in a snap-lock bag) to prevent the fine dust-like seed from spreading further. discovered in South Australia, and recently there has been single record The outbreak of African Weed Orchid, Disa bracteata, is a very real threat to the indigenous orchids and flora in this area. The web address has a picture of one of the most common of the local onion-orchids. Disa is a very bad weed. Seed set and dispersal starts at the end of November or as the weather drys out. well to habitat disturbance. with the execution of some of the standard tactics for all good weeds - Most plants are found in moderately disturbed areas. The plant also has a mass of fleshy roots and there is no main tap root. record was from Western Australia in 1944, then in 1988 it was Disa bracteata is a ground orchid to about 30 cm tall with small yellow, green and brown flowers. (called pelotons) and then 'digest' them to provide the orchid An early arrival The Dingo is a medium-sized, erect-eared, generally sandy-coloured dog. becomes parasitic on the fungus. environments and insect pollen vectors, and it is these that have made of populations is on the increase - the number of records has more than is very useful when a guarantee of a large number of seeds is required, First found in the 1940s, South African Orchid has established populations across the state. private cultivated collections. Tubers – generally thought to have 1–3 tubers, similar in appearance to a small potato, about 20 mm in size. Currently this weed has been recorded in relatively small numbers in Chewton, Redesdale, Elphinstone, Taradale, Walmer, Barkers Creek, Sutton Grange, Ravenswood and Harcourt. 1st infestation). 2002 New records of orchids from Ethiopia. BUT be very careful. Thanks for the weekly news – its interesting to see what is happening over your way – and thanks for the article. Thank you for putting this article in. So the success of Disa bracteata It is the only specific with respect to the insects that can act as vectors, undergone physical disturbance, and in Victoria both the number and size [1], Monadenia bracteata (Sw.) T.Durand & Schinz, It is one of the few orchid species which has become naturalised in Australia. Dormant for much of the year, it sprouts in early spring with a rosette of leaves, followed by flower spikes developing into seeds as the weather drys out during summer. large number of fungal partners, especially those that can survive in the mechanisms of this phenomenon. Your email address will not be published. They get this help from some species of soil-borne presumably in an attempt to draw nutrients from them. If this is so then it probably (This means that one seeding plant this year means many weeds for many, many years to come.) An urban weed Orchids are well known for the range of adaptations to specific Orchid seeds are tiny and have virtually no endosperm It is a serious threat to our other orchids. Flowers – from late October through to December in Victoria. Consequently, the presence of suitable insects in the area at flowering is heavily dependent on suitable conditions for the fungus. © Paul Gullan, Viridans Biological Databases. Disa bracteata to become a successful invader in Australia along It was first recorded in Western Australia in 1944, in South Australia in 1988, and near Bacchus Marsh in Victoria in 1994. I removed about 5 or 6 of these from the Montgomery Street Grasslands.. All too true. The seeds continue to mature even if the flower head is picked. Disa bracteata (South African Orchid) is a ground orchid to about 30 cm tall with small yellow, green and brown flowers arranged in a dense spiral on fleshy stems. range. Posted on 23 November, 2016 by Connecting Country. a large amount of seed per plant. Australia) which, although not the best thing for genetic variability, fleshy stems. establishment and survival, in addition to the standard ones of soil, Tanya recently found them at Barkers Creek Reservoir in Harcourt and we have some photos to help you identify them. Numbers in WA 15– 30 flowers grow on a thick cylindrical spike 5–20 cm long, which resembles a greenish-brown asparagus spear. Required fields are marked *. ... South African Weed Orchid is the only invasive non-native orchid in Victoria. African Weed Orchid Disa bracteata. populations, and not necessarily those that are close by, as the At the moment Disa is not considered to be major Cryptostylis subulata which produces a chemical similar to that What next? seed cells manage to compartmentalise the threads into tight coils He has been cut and painting but that is not much quicker than digging them out. Your email address will not be published. (especially when the orchid has little or no photosynthetic ability) the Tasmanian record attests. It was first recorded in Western Australia in 1944, in South Australia in 1988 and Victoria in 1994. woodland, heathland and grassland environments of lowland Victoria but species Disa bracteata Sw. VicFlora is sponsored by: Royal Botanic Gardens Foundation Victoria. Disa bracteata) An emerging threat to Nillumbik’s native wildflower populations. It is really spreading more and more each year. We had seen a few weed orchids at Mount Piper NCR near Broadford in recent years and digging them out has been successful. The orchid seed is acting like a Trojan Horse. Treatment – Manual removal requires digging up and removing all parts of the plant, including the tuber, leaves and flowers. Flowers – from late October through to December in Victoria. I removed a single Disa bracteata from a private property in Maldon about five years ago, and have not seen it on the property since. The seeds can remain viable for years. without help. species such as Lindleyana 17. are non-weedy is that there are often two extra determinants for
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