It is a type of disease known as a vascular wilt because the fungus blocks the vascular (water transport) system, causing the branches to wilt and die. Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a fungus called Ophiostoma ulmi (formerly Ceratocystis ulmi) that was introduced to the U.S. in the early 1930s. Most European countries lost 10-40% of their elm trees {858}. Nevertheless, of the 1,228,000 Dutch elm trees extant in 1930, thirteen years later (i.e., in 1943) 421,000 had been felled because of the disease {}. The Irish wych elm, which is less common, appears more resistant to disease. Damage is usually seen in summer and early autumn. ... Dutch elm disease spread more rapidly in the United States than in Europe because of the..-narrow genetic base of american elm-planting elms in monoculture-elm phloem necrosis. Pathogen. Elm trees around St Stephen's Green in Dublin are the latest casualties of Dutch Elm disease. After the first outbreaks in northwest Europe, DED rapidly spread eastward across the … The famine of the 1840s was more severe in Ireland than in the rest of Europe because. Once a very abundant tree in the Irish landscape, it is uncommon to find living elm trees nowadays. Now present in Ireland, Dutch Elm disease is devastating native Irish elms in both rural and urban areas. Temporary provisions were brought in to address the outbreak of Dutch elm disease in 1981 which threatened the main tree cover in Guernsey at the time. However, a more aggressively pathogenic species Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, has displaced O. ulmi and is the cause of the current pandemic.Ophiostoma novo-ulmi is divided into a North American subspecies (O. novo-ulmi subsp. Dutch elm disease (DED) is a serious disease of elms caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Even though there is natural resistance to the disease within elm populations, it is extremely rare. Ophiostoma ulmi is the ascomycete fungus that caused the original Dutch elm disease pandemic in the 1920's - 1940's. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Callus cultures of elm (Ulmus americana L.) derived from Dutch elm disease susceptible, intermediate-resistant, and resistant genotypes were exposed to the culture filtrates of three pathogenic solates of Ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. The impact of Dutch elm disease on this elm 1970s population was very similar to that recorded in the mid-Holocene Elm Decline in Britain and Ireland. The disease is still a threat today, but fortunately, several resistant American elm and hybrid elm selections are available or being developed. It is spread by elm bark beetles. As a result a replanting scheme in the 1990s was introduced which increased the range and diversity of tree species on the island. the tree trunk of a dead english elm tree, ulmus procera, that has been killed by dutch elm disease in woodland in the uk. It holds, indeed, the National Elm Collection – this after the ravages of Dutch elm disease and a hurricane, in 1987, that left the green spine of the borough a heartbreaking tangle of trunks. English elm was mainly planted in demesnes. English elms will re-grow from stumps and will form suckers in woodland or hedgerows – these may be used for propagation. It is caused by two related fungi, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi , although almost all cases are now caused by O. novo-ulm i. Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) is the only native elm species in Ireland and is susceptible to Dutch elm disease. 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