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“Don’t suppose you’ll ever catch her” Ovid Pont 31142. a certain standard See Barrett, pp. “his retirement was more worthy” Vell Pat 2994. “for he often helped others” Plut Ant 43. I note that the regime’s obsession with maintaining its power was accompanied by an undeviating patriotism and a willingness to sacrifice personal interests. From the first century B.C. “When your organ is stiff” Hor Sat 1 2 116ff. According to Agrippa and Maecenas Pliny 745. The archaeological record is of considerable but occasional assistance. In his official memoir For these expenses see Res Gest 16. “stink of far-fetched phrases” Suet Aug 86 1. Letters of his seen by Suetonius Ibid., 87 1. The eldest, Germanicus For this account of Germanicus, see Suet Gaius 31–1. For Sextus’ age, see Powell/Welch, pp. “to seek to keep the constitution” Macr 2418. In Orthodox Russia too, when Peter I the Great assumed the Byzantine imperial titles Imperator and Autokrator, instead of the royal Tsar, the idea in founding the Russian Holy Synod was to put an end to the old Imperium in imperio of the free Church, by substituting the synod for the all too independent Patriarch of Moscow, which had become almost a rival of the Tsars — Peter meant to unite all authority in himself, over Church as well as State: through his Ober-Procurator and synod, the Emperor ruled his Church as absolutely as the military through their respective ministries; he appointed its members just as he did generals; and the Russian Government continued his policy until the end of the empire in 1917. As can be seen, dictatorial imperium was superior to consular, consular to praetorian, and praetorian to aedilician; there is some historical dispute as to whether or not praetorian imperium was superior to "equine-magisterial" imperium. His fragmentary life of Augustus gives a detailed account of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar and his assassination, and includes plausible stories about Augustus’ childhood (perhaps told him by his subject). “Your soldiers have no claim” Plut Ant 55 2. However, the Catholic Church and most other Christian groups acknowledge the authority of secular governments. 37, 42–43, 46. “I shall have the whole Senatorial” Dio 45 2 5–6. “The Ides of March was a fine deed” Cic Att 366 (14 12). A promagistrate, or a man executing a curule office without actually holding that office, also possessed imperium in the same degree as the actual incumbents (i.e., proconsular imperium being more or less equal to consular imperium, propraetorian imperium to praetorian) and was attended by an equal number of lictors. Daily Life in Ancient Rome (Oxford, Eng. “fired by the fame of Arabia” Pliny 12 31. Appian is valuable. A year later That is, after the battle of Philippi. Suetonius seems usually reliable or at least plausible, for he had access to the imperial archives and quoted from documents, as well as to contemporary (but now lost) memoirs. : Oxford University Press, 1986) further explores the history of, and interconnections between, leading Roman families in the late first century B.C. It has been suggested See John Buchan, Augustus (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1937), p. 161. a general and overriding proconsular authority There is a dispute whether this was maius imperium proconsulare, “greater proconsular authority,” allowing him to override or give orders to governors of the senatorial provinces, or aequum imperium proconsulare, “equal proconsular authority,” which would allow him to raise matters with governors but not to command them. In some monotheistic religions such as Christianity (the Catholic Church where the official language, Latin, used terms as Imperium Dei/Domini) the Divine is held to have a superior imperium, as ultimate King of Kings, above all earthly powers. Other modern works I found variously helpful include, Barrett, Anthony A. Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), Carcopino, Jérôme. “And the Alexandrians thronged” C. P. Cavafy, “Alexandrian Kings.” In Edmund Keeley and Philip Sherrard, trans., Collected Poems (London: The Hogarth Press, 1975). Livia’s personal servants are recorded late in her life, but there is little reason to suppose that her household was much different at an earlier date. Ottonian Painting in the Early European Middle Ages, The president of the comitia centuriata was usually a consul, and the comitia centuriata would elect magistrates who had, The Some scholars believe that in 37 or perhaps 33 Antony agreed to become Cleopatra’s prince consort. The princeps was superstitious Suet Aug 92 1. Tiberius. “All we need is your consent” Ovid Am 2265–66. “They came very near to killing” Ibid., 48 9. “from the fatigue and anxiety” Dio 53 25 7. “Quinctilius Varus, give me back my legions!” Suet Aug 23 2. stay within the empire’s current boundaries Tacitus (Ann 111) places this advice in the breviarium. Except where noted, content and user contributions on this site are licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 with attribution required. “severe pain in the right part” Celsus 415. Augustus exiled Ovid See Green, Erot, pp. Lollius had been taking bribes Vell Pat 2 102 1, Pliny 958. 79) was an industrious writer, whose Natural History was an attempt to sum up all human knowledge. “for the sake of ensuring harmony” Vell Pat 2623. Furthermore, any man executing imperium within his sphere of influence was entitled to the curule chair. It would also be unnecessary, for no uprising could have been organized in such a short space of time. he strongly disapproved of Julia Suet Tib 72–3. “through old age and sickness” Dio 55 13 1a. Once when his father See Green, Erot, p. 19. “Because Antony fucks Glaphyra” Mart 11 20. seems the most likely date. Some have argued that leaving one’s shield on a battlefield was a familiar literary device. He wrote a geographical study of the known world which contains useful economic information as well as descriptions of places. H. Dessau, Ralph Jackson, Doctors and Diseases in the Roman Empire, Plutarch, Moralia, Apophthegmata regum et imperatorum, Plutarch, Antony and Demetrius Comparison, A. Powell and K. Welch, eds., Sextus Pompeius, Seneca the Elder, Controversiae 10 Praefatio, John E. Stambaugh, The Ancient Roman City, Valerius Maximus, Memorable Doings and Sayings. Dio and Suetonius are the main sources, albeit somewhat thin. I assume 83, the most popular date among modern scholars. the papal states, et cetera). “the new style of conquest” Cic Att 174c (97c). The former is perhaps more probable (because of the discovery of five edicts from Cyrene that show Augustus intervening directly in provincial business: Ehrenberg and Jones Documents n 311, translated in Lewis and Rheinhold, Roman Civilization 236ff); if the latter, Augustus would have had to get his way by deploying his prestige, or auctoritas. Caesar’s own history of the civil war is accurate but self-serving. for one year. “deeply attached to his sister” Plut Ant 31 1. Another technical use of the term in Roman law was for the power to extend the law beyond its mere interpretation, extending imperium from formal legislators under the ever-republican constitution: popular assemblies, senate, magistrates, emperor and their delegates to the jurisprudence of jurisconsults.

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