New York Times Book Review of "Venona - Decoding Soviet Espionage in America", Vassiliev-Notebooks-and-Venona-Index-Concordance.pdf, ed. The Venona documents released in 1950 disclose information about the clandestine activities of Klaus Fuchs under his code names of CHARLES and REST. According to authors John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, the Venona transcripts identify approximately 349 Americans whom they claim had a covert relationship with Soviet intelligence, though fewer than half of these have been matched to real-name identities. [48], In addition to British and American operatives, Australians collected Venona intercepts at a remote base in the Outback. Crowd sourced content that is contributed to World Heritage Encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles. The two met in a number of locations, including New York City and Santa Fe, New Mexico, where Fuchs provided information on technical issues relating to the design of the atomic bomb. It was decided that pressure would be put on Fuchs to induce him to confess. But there are too many gaps in the record to use these materials with complete confidence. The president received the substance of the material only through FBI, Justice Department, and CIA reports on counterintelligence and intelligence matters. Due to a serious blunder on the part of the Soviets, some of this traffic was vulnerable to cryptanalysis. London, Summer 1998, pp. The information Rosenberg passed to the Soviets concerned the proximity fuze, design and production information on the Lockheed P-80 jet fighter, and thousands of classified reports from Emerson Radio. After this, Soviet message traffic reverted to being completely unreadable.[21]. The establishment's importance and secrecy was such that it was nicknamed "the holy of holies". Most decipherable messages were transmitted and intercepted between 1942 and 1945. Others worked in Washington in the State Department, the Treasury, Office of Strategic Services,[24] and even the White House. It was Arlington Hall's Lieutenant Richard Hallock, working on Soviet "Trade" traffic (so called because these messages dealt with Soviet trade issues), who first discovered that the Soviets were reusing pages. The Office of Strategic Services, the predecessor to the CIA, housed at one time or another between fifteen and twenty Soviet spies. [31] Also contested is the implication that all 349 persons identified had an intentional "covert relationship" with Soviet intelligence; it is argued, in some cases, the individual may have been an unwitting information source or a prospect for future recruitment by Soviet intelligence. The Soviet company that manufactured the one-time pads produced around 35,000 pages of duplicate key numbers, as a result of pressures brought about by the German advance on Moscow during World War II. Fuchs was eventually caught out by a breach in Soviet security. This article was sourced from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. [7] These messages were slowly and gradually decrypted beginning in 1946 and continuing (many times at a low-level of effort in the latter years) through 1980, when the Venona program was terminated, and the remaining amount of effort that was being spent on it was moved to more important projects. However, this information allowed them to alert those of their agents who might be at risk of exposure due to the decryption. He was not told the material came from decoded Soviet ciphers. They question the accuracy of the translations and the identifications of covernames that the NSA translations give.
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